| 1. | The interaction forces that may be present among the particles of a system give rise to internal torques .
系统内各质点间可能存在着的相互作用力，会产生内力矩。 |
| 2. | They have no electric charge and are completely unaffected by electromagnetic or strong interaction forces .
它们不带电，无论电磁力还是强相互作用对它们都完全不起作用。 |
| 3. | Iterative methods are developed to calculate the geometric relationship and interaction force between wheel and rail
建立了轮轨接触几何和轮轨接触力的迭代算法。 |
| 4. | A predictive formula for shear stresses is finally made corresponding to the interaction force of particles in the infinite single - chain
进一步导出了无限长单链中粒子所受合力的计算公式。 |
| 5. | This parper exptores the interaction force of antimatters , and gives the four types interaction force and its intensity through comparison of the particles with antiparticles
探讨了反物质的基本作用力场，并取得了正、反粒子系统4种作用力及其强度的比较结果。 |
| 6. | Because of the interaction force of permanent moment , polarized moment , surfactant molecules with electric field , droplets of microemulsion are deform and / or align along the electric field
在外加电场作用下，其粘度增大，可由液态转变为类固态，且该过程是瞬态的、可逆的、可调控的。 |
| 7. | Similarly the shear stresses are calculated according to the interaction force of two magnetic particles firstly , then to the resultant force on a particle in an infinite single - chain
同样的，先只考虑单链内相邻粒子的相互作用然后考虑无限长单链中粒子所受的合力来计算剪切应力，后者比前者要高出5左右。 |
| 8. | Based on the infinite single - chain structure model , research is done on mr fluids sheared by a small angle . the shear stresses are calculated according to the interaction force of two magnetic particles firstly , then to the resultant force on a particle in an infinite single - chain
先仅仅考虑单链内相邻粒子的相互作用来计算剪切应力，然后考虑无限长单链中粒子所受合力来计算剪切应力，结果表明：后者比前者要高5左右。 |
| 9. | At the same time , using remington ' s wheel - rail interaction model , calculate the interaction force between the wheel and rail and the input power of each subsystem . evaluate the mode count , damping loss factor and coupling loss factor . according the fundamental of the acoustics , predict the wheel - rail noise
同时利用remington建立的轮轨接触模型，由轮轨间的表面粗糙度谱计算出了轮轨间的接触力，并将其作为产生轮轨振动的激励力得到了各子系统的输入功率。 |
| 10. | With the speed up of railway transportation , the lightening design of vehicle seems to be more and more important . reducing the weight of vehicle can not only reduce the consumption of the raw materials and the power of traction , and increase the operation speed and improve the starting and braking performance of trains , but also has the advantageous to reduce the wheel / rail interaction forces , vibration and noise , increase the service life of the vehicle and the track , and economize the cost of transportation
随着铁路运输速度的提高，车辆的轻量化显得越来越重要，减轻车辆自重，不仅可以减少原材料的消耗，有利于降低牵引功率，提高列车的运行速度，改善列车的启动和制动性能，而且可以有效的减少轮轨间的动力作用，减少振动和噪音，增加车辆和线路的使用寿命，节约运输成本。 |
